![]() ![]() ![]() The Indian Army, of course, was at the forefront of the war, from the Rann of Kutch in April to Jammu and Kashmir in August, and in the tank battles in Punjab in September 1965. The two air forces actively participated in the war, but neither side was able to achieve air superiority - nearly a stalemate. The Pakistan navy, in fact, destroyed the Indian radar station at Dwarka. With its carrier INS Vikrant being refitted in dry docks and most other vessels under maintenance, the Indian Navy hardly played any part in the war. That would have happened had the then Army Chief, General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri, not miscalculated India’s ammunition stock and tank casualties, forcing the government to accept the ceasefire on September 22, 1965. According to the US Library of Congress Country Studies, “a continuation of the fighting would only have led to further losses and ultimate defeat for Pakistan”. It captured nearly four times more territory than Pakistan did, most of it high-value territory in Punjab and Kashmir. To be fair though, India had the upper hand during the war. ![]()
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